{"title":"Europe-Finland","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"a-finnish-blue-cross-for-the-civil-guard-eu7664","title":"A Finnish Blue Cross For The Civil Guard","description":"A Finnish Blue Cross for the Civil Guard Veterans of the War of Independence, Winter War and Continuation War, 1917 to 1945 - In bronze and enamels, marked, 40mm, with 1917-1918 clasp, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46108794061077,"sku":"EU7664","price":70.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_finnish_blue_c_54737e7b3f387.jpg?v=1692838249"},{"product_id":"the-order-of-the-white-rose-of-finland-officers-cross-eu7548","title":"The Order Of The White Rose Of Finland; Officer's Cross","description":"The Order of the White Rose of Finland; Officer's Cross in silver gilt and enamels, mounted on original ribbon with rosette, hallmarked on the suspension ring, crisp detail, very fine quality, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46108886008085,"sku":"EU7548","price":340.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/s0620264_copy.jpg?v=1692838488"},{"product_id":"a-finnish-1940-41-north-front-award-eu8199","title":"A Finnish 1940-41 North Front Award","description":"A Finnish 1940-41 North Front Award - In silvered and enameled tombac, screw back, 35x35mm, no damages to enamels, in extremely fine condition.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46108986409237,"sku":"EU8199","price":355.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_finnish_1940_4_54c7dd72f22f5.jpg?v=1692838763"},{"product_id":"a-first-war-finnish-order-of-the-cross-of-liberty-2nd-class-eu7786","title":"A First War Finnish Order Of The Cross Of Liberty; 2Nd Class","description":"A First War Finnish Order of the Cross of Liberty; 2nd Class - Military, 2nd Class, 1918, measuring 40 mm x 68 mm, inclusive of the suspension, this fine quality order is gold rimmed and features a white enameled cross, plus crisp detail. Running through each arm of the cross on the obverse is a gold enamel ornamentation resembling a swastika. The centre medallion is white, illustrating a gold rose on a black enamel field. The reverse is marked \"1918\" in gold in the centre of the cross and comes with the clashing arms military suspension, no ribbon. Light wear and pitting on the enameled arms, with a nice patina, in very fine condition. Footnote: The order war instituted on March 4, 1918 and reconfirmed on August 18, 1944. It is Finland's highest civil and military decoration. 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Footnote: The Reserve Officers' School, in Hamina, located in the province of Southern Finland, is the unit responsible for the training of the bulk of the Finnish Reserve Officers.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46109767565589,"sku":"EU7719","price":95.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_04_7997d695-7dbe-48da-adb3-b6d1d9438eaa.jpg?v=1692840964"},{"product_id":"order-of-the-lion-of-finland-eu4705","title":"Order Of The Lion Of Finland","description":"Order of the Lion of Finland - Officers Cross, in silver gilt and enamels, 41x44mm, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46109776478485,"sku":"EU4705","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/208_60dfa1ba-52cb-4b54-9fcc-ebcf05c5ac28.jpg?v=1692841035"},{"product_id":"order-of-the-cross-of-liberty-eu3578","title":"Order Of The Cross Of Liberty","description":"Order of the Cross of Liberty - Order of the Cross of Liberty, Cross Fourth Class, Military Division, in patinated iron (magnetic), dated 1941 on reverse, in very fine condition. 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Hallmarked on the suspension ring, of very fine quality make, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46109800595733,"sku":"EU6237","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/the_order_of_the_536baf10e15b4.jpg?v=1692841207"},{"product_id":"a-finnish-order-of-the-lion-commanders-neck-cross-eu7750","title":"A Finnish Order Of The Lion; Commander's Neck Cross","description":"A Finnish Order of the Lion; Commander's Neck Cross - in silver gilt and enamels, hallmarked on suspension ring, 54mm(w) x 59mm(h), with full length neck ribbon, enamel restoration on reverse center, in nearly very fine condition.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46109807739157,"sku":"EU7750","price":330.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/10_e18ab01a-f1ad-40d9-859e-f6f9b3c1f4ec.jpg?v=1692841262"},{"product_id":"the-order-of-the-lion-of-finland-knight-2nd-class-eu6843","title":"The Order Of The Lion Of Finland; Knight 2Nd Class","description":"The Order of the Lion of Finland; Knight 2nd Class -  silver with enameled centre, mint condition, in box of issue.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46109829005589,"sku":"EU6843","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_03_de754c9d-b204-4f24-942c-862dfc5022ac.jpg?v=1692841424"},{"product_id":"kindred-nations-war-cross-heimosotaristi-1918-1922-eu3163","title":"Kindred Nations War Cross (Heimosotaristi), 1918-1922","description":"Kindred Nations War Cross (Heimosotaristi), 1918-1922 - In bronze, 39.8 mm x 40 mm, on original ribbon with one bronze sword device denoting participation in one campaign, extremely fine and rare. Footnote: This award was created in 1922, to reward Finnish volunteer participants in the campaigns in Estonia, Eastern Karelia, Aunus and Ingria (Kindred Nations) against Soviet Russia in the years from 1918 to 1922. The intervention of Finnish volunteers against Red forces in Estonia was crucial in her gaining independence. However, despite the upheavals of the Russian revolutions and civil war, there was never any real chance of the other areas to the east or south of Finland becoming independent of Russia. The number of volunteers involved in the nine campaigns was small, making the cross rare. 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Very scarce badge in top condition. ","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46110079189269,"sku":"EU8211","price":1595.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_03__1_300b2480-f0ec-41cc-99ff-4248517936d9.jpg?v=1692843800"},{"product_id":"a-second-war-finnish-radio-operator-air-gunner-badge-eu8212","title":"A Second War Finnish Radio Operator \u0026 Air Gunner Badge","description":"A Second War Finnish Radio Operator \u0026amp; Air Gunner Badge - in die stamped silvered non magnetic metal, center enameled, 38.2mm(w) x 50.9mm(h), retaining nut unmarked, of superb quality manufacture and in virtually mint condition. Very scarce badge in top condition.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46110079254805,"sku":"EU8212","price":1250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_second_war_fin_54c90f5a879fa.jpg?v=1692843795"},{"product_id":"a-finnish-medal-for-humanity-eu8703","title":"A Finnish Medal For Humanity","description":"A Finnish Medal for Humanity - \"Pro Benignitate Humana\". 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","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46110413062421,"sku":"EU5239","price":180.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/dddcopy_1bd3fa43-33a6-4984-a275-e8dd6c6c31d4.jpg?v=1692846685"},{"product_id":"wwii-air-force-pilots-sweetheart-badge-miniature-eu5493","title":"Wwii Air Force Pilot's Sweetheart Badge, Miniature","description":"WWII Air Force Pilot's Sweetheart Badge, Miniature - Silver and enamels, weighing 4.1 grams, maker marked, Finnish state hallmarked with a crown, marked \"813H\" (silver) and engraved with the dates \"20. 7. 29.\" over \"13. 4. 31.\" (July 20, 1929 to April 13, 1931) on the reverse, 17.2 mm x 21.7 mm, enamel chipping on the centrepiece, light contact, near extremely fine.Footnote: This is a miniature Pilot's Badge, often referred to as a Pilot's Sweetheart Badge. These were private pieces, not awarded by the Air Force, which pilots were able to purchase for their sweetheart's or wives and designed to be worn on a necklace.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46110543642901,"sku":"EU5493","price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_2102.jpg?v=1692847509"},{"product_id":"five-finnish-cap-badges-c-1941-eu5652","title":"Five Finnish Cap Badges, C. 1941","description":"Five Finnish Cap Badges, c. 1941 - German-made, silvered metal with white and blue enamels, marked \"O\" on the reverse, 20 mm each, intact dual prongs, light contact, near extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46110632706325,"sku":"EU5652","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_7797.jpg?v=1692847729"},{"product_id":"a-1941-1944-finish-eastern-isthmus-campaign-cross-eu6920","title":"A 1941-1944 Finish Eastern Isthmus Campaign Cross","description":"A 1941-1944 Finish Eastern Isthmus Campaign Cross -  In silver, 34.2 mm x 39 mm, original ribbon, light gilt wear, near extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46111411011861,"sku":"EU6920","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_02_05eaff3e-86a2-4771-b4bb-993749fe2bde.jpg?v=1692849782"},{"product_id":"a-1939-1940-finish-summa-cross-eu6917","title":"A 1939-1940 Finish Summa Cross","description":"A 1939-1940 Finish Summa Cross - Silvered white metal, numbered \"8001\" on the reverse, 45.5 mm, original ribbon, light contact, better than very fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46111411863829,"sku":"EU6917","price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_02_68239629-388c-467f-98b7-fa47fbb5e346.jpg?v=1692849783"},{"product_id":"a-1939-1940-finish-middle-isthmus-battle-cross-eu6921","title":"A 1939-1940 Finish Middle-Isthmus Battle Cross","description":"A 1939-1940 Finish Middle-Isthmus Battle Cross - Two-piece construction, blackened bronze with a silvered centrepiece, 39 mm, original ribbon, light contact, near extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46111413371157,"sku":"EU6921","price":135.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_1939_1940_fini_53ecd540f2732.jpg?v=1692849793"},{"product_id":"a-finish-middle-isthmus-battle-cross-eu7018","title":"A Finish Middle-Isthmus Battle Cross","description":"A Finish Middle-Isthmus Battle Cross - Two-piece construction, blackened bronze with a silvered centrepiece insignia, 39.3 mm, original ribbon, light contact, near extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46111436144917,"sku":"EU7018","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/img_02_455eed39-c372-4d01-8ab6-8bdd0d974be7.jpg?v=1692849856"},{"product_id":"a-finish-order-of-the-cross-of-liberty-fourth-class-eu7158","title":"A Finish Order Of The Cross Of Liberty; Fourth Class","description":"A Finish Order of the Cross of Liberty; Fourth Class - Cross of Mourning (for next of kin) on black ribbon. Cross dated 1939 on reverse (War with U.S.S.R. 1939-40). Worn, in fine to very fine condition. 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A Winter War Medal 1939-1940 To A Finnish Airman","description":"A Finnish Winter War Medal 1939-1940 to a Finnish Airman - Type III; ILMAPUOLUSTUS (Air Force). Blackened iron, magnetic, 31.3 mm x 36.2 mm, original ribbon with pinback, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46112252821781,"sku":"EU7695","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_finnish_winter_54789c84016ac.jpg?v=1747854051"},{"product_id":"a-finnish-air-force-cross-1941-1945-eu7694","title":"A Finnish Air Force Cross 1941-1945","description":"A Finnish Air Force Cross 1941-1945 - LENTOJOUKOT (Air Force). Two-piece construction, brass swastika overlaying a blackened bronze cross, 39.5 mm, original ribbon, light contact, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46112253968661,"sku":"EU7694","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_finnish_air_fo_54789bedde692.jpg?v=1692851145"},{"product_id":"finland-kingdom-an-order-of-the-white-rose-officers-cross-eu7827","title":"Finland, Kingdom. 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RVNEBERG\", obverse illustrating the right-facing bust of Lorenz Lindelöf, surrounded by the inscription \"LORENZ LINDELÖF NATVS DIE XII NOVEMBRIS MDCCCXXVII\" (1827), reverse illustrating a branch of laurel leaves at the left and a branch of oak leaves at the right, inscribed in the centre \"SECRETARIO SVO QVADRAGENARIO SOCIETAS SCIENTIAS FENNIAE \/ DIE XIII NOVEMBRIS MCMVII\" (1907), 56.5 mm, oxidation spots on the obverse, near extremely fine\n\nFootnote: Leonard Lorenz Lindelöf (November 13, 1827 - March 3, 1908) spoke Finnish, Swedish, Russian and German. His father Leonard Lorenz was professor of mathematics in Helsingfors from 1857 to 1874. Helsingfors (today Helsinki) was controlled by Sweden and Russia at various times in its history. Finland had been ceded to Russia in 1809. At the time that time, Lindelöf's father was appointed professor of mathematics at the university, the main building of the university on Senate Square had recently been completed. Helsingfors was a town of only 20,000 at this time and under Russian control. By the time that Lindelöf went to study mathematics at Helsingfors University in 1887, his father was no longer the professor there. The city was still under Russian control but it had undergone a rapid expansion and by then had a population of 60,000. Lindelöf spent the year 1891 in Stockholm, and the years 1893-94 in Paris returning to Helsingfors where he graduated in 1895. He then taught there as a docent, visiting Göttingen in 1901. He returned to Helsingfors where he became assistant professor in 1902, becoming a full professor the following year. Helsinki was still under Russian control and indeed the Russians had implemented a policy of Russification, in reply to the national movements which had arisen. By 1904 the rapidly growing city had a population of 111,000 and was the centre of activists working for an independent Finland. This was proclaimed in 1917. Lindelöf remained as professor of mathematics in Helsinki until he retired in 1938. It was a time of rapid economic growth for the new country and the university flourished and rapidly expanded. Lindelöf supported his new country undertaking his university duties with great enthusiasm. From 1907, he served on the editorial board of Acta Mathematica. Lindelöf's first work in 1890 was on the existence of solutions for differential equations. It is an outstanding paper. Then he worked on analytic functions, applying results of Mittag-Leffler in a study of the asymptotic investigation of Taylor series. In particular, he was interested in the behaviour of such functions in the neighbourhood of singular points. He considered analogues of Fourier series and applied them to gamma functions. He also wrote on conformal mappings. Later in his life, Lindelöf gave up research to devote himself to teaching and writing textbooks. Another important role which Lindelöf played in Finland was the encouragement of the study of the history of mathematics in that country. For his outstanding contributions to Scandinavian mathematics, he was honoured by the universities of Uppsala, Oslo, Stockholm, and Helsinki.\n\n \n","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46112689750293,"sku":"EU8207","price":90.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_finnish_lorenz_54c7f9caca0d7.jpg?v=1692851762"},{"product_id":"a-finnish-order-of-the-white-rose-knight-2nd-class-eu8441","title":"A Finnish Order Of The White Rose; Knight 2Nd Class","description":"A Finnish Order of the White Rose; Knight 2nd Class - Silver with white and blue enamels, 40.5 mm, light contact, extremely fine.","brand":"eMedals","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46112771309845,"sku":"EU8441","price":195.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0713\/9105\/2053\/files\/a_finnish_order__54e35ca5b2d37.jpg?v=1692851941"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.emedals.com\/collections\/europe-finland.oembed?page=16","provider":"eMedals","version":"1.0","type":"link"}